航天试验数据管理系统的设计与应用

航天产品研制过程中会产生大量的仿真和试验数据,深入分析和充分利用这些数据对研制工作至关重要。本文介绍了基于元数据的航天试验数据管理系统的总体架构和模块组成,该系统基于元数据实现了航天产品研制过程中仿真和试验数据的统一管理,为设计人员提供集中的、规范化的数据管理服务,实现仿真和试验全过程数据的智能采集和集中存贮,支撑不同专业、不同角色的设计人员完成航天产品的协同设计。最后,展望了航天领域试验数据管理发展方向。     

面向虚拟试验的可视化对象建模工具设计与实现

虚拟试验在现代军工产品研发过程中显得日益重要,但基于虚拟试验的可视化建模却并未得到充分关注。文中针对虚拟试验在军工产品研发中的应用,设计了虚拟试验定义语言(VITA Definition Language,VDL)原型,基于该语言,设计了可视化建模工具,具有VDL代码和可视化模型双向转化、可视化建模等功能,并论述了实现该工具需要的关键技术,包括VDL模型定义、可视化模型转化为VDL代码、VDL代码的解析和可视化模型自动生成等,最后给出了该可视化建模工具的实现以及对该工具进一步工作的展望。     

重复使用运载器预测与健康管理PHM技术研究

为了实现传统一次性运载火箭的可重复使用特性,提高重复使用运载器的安全性、可靠性及维修保障性,破解重复使用运载器研制难度大、技术风险高的难题,研究了一种重复使用运载器的预测与健康管理系统方案;该系统采用一种“机载-地面”辅助决策的系统设计方案,机载部分采用分层分布式的系统架构设计方案,地面部分采用区域管理和综合调度的设计方案,有效实现运载器在线式健康状态监测与诊断;重复使用运载器预测与健康管理设计方案的应用,确保运载器在全寿命周期内,实现在线实时故障检测、故障预测和健康评估,为故障处理、维修保障和系统操作优化提供决策支持,显著提升了重复使用运载器的安全性、可靠性、保障性和效费比。     

Low-voltage soft robots based on carbon nanotube/polymer electrothermal composites

Nowadays, soft robots have become a research hot spot due to high degree of freedom, adaptability to the environment and safer interaction with humans. The carbon nanotube (CNT)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) electrothermal composites have attracted wide attention in the field of flexible actuations due to large deformation at low voltages. Here, the preparation process of CNT/PDMS composites was designed and optimized, and electrothermal actuators (ETAs) were fabricated by cutting the CNT/PDMS composite films into a "U" shape and coating conductive adhesive. The deformation performance of the ETAs with different thicknesses at different voltages was studied. At a low voltage of about 7 V, the ETA has a deformation rate of up to 93%. Finally, two kinds of electrothermal soft robots (ETSRs) with four-legged and three-legged structures were fabricated, and their inchworm-like motion characteristics were studied. The ETSR2 has the best motion performance due to the moderate thickness and three-legged electrode structure.     

水下超声速气体射流诱导尾空泡实验研究

两相射流与空化问题对采用喷气推进的水下高速运载器而言不可避免.本文通过水洞实验,探究了回转体在水流场中由亚声速及超声速气体射流诱导形成尾空泡的形态特征,发现了四种不同类型的诱导尾空泡,并探讨了相应的形成机理和控制条件.通过高速图像采集及数字处理技术,得到了不同弗劳德数和通气流量系数下诱导尾空泡的瞬时及时间平均形态.通过气体射流数值解及射流耦合空泡闭合理论模型与实验图像的对比分析,得到如下结论:根据形态特征,将观察到的射流诱导尾空泡划分为泡沫状、完整、部分破碎和脉动泡沫状四类,其中诱导产生的部分破碎尾空泡在形态上与超空泡存在明显差异,脉动泡沫状则为诱导空泡所特有;气体射流受到空泡阻挡发生回射后对应的实际通气流量系数是控制空泡形态的关键;诱导空泡类型转变可以通过Paryshev提出的射流空泡耦合模型预测,但必须在考虑射流空间结构和流动损失的前提下;进行上述修正后,诱导尾空泡形态变化规律与理论模型估算得到的实际流量系数相符合.     

Spinel-type structure of Co in conditions of HDS catalyst aging

The structural investigation of CoO–MoO₃/γ-Al₂O₃ HDS catalystassumed to accelerate aging in laboratory conditions followed by the DRS method pointed out the surface spinel formation The amount of spinel structure formed increased with increasing temperature and decreased with the treatment atmosphere in the order: nitrogen>air>steam On the basis of the experimental data of electronic d–d transitions of Co (II) ion in a catalyst treated in nitrogen atmosphere the parameter of the crystal-field splitting 10D_q and the energies of the electronic state of Co (II) in a spinel-type structure were calculated The most probable scheme of the molecular orbital has been proposed.